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Abstract: Cervical Acceleration/Deceleration Syndrome, also known as Whiplash, is a very common cervical spine injury that has annual costs in the United States higher than all cancer and...

Research on higher education in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is virtually absent (Zavale & Schneijderberg, 2020). Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) programs are being...

Kava is a tranquilizing beverage from the South Pacific Islands that contains lipophilic compounds called kavalactones. Ingestion of these compounds is known to produce sedative and anxiolytic effects...

Huanglongbing disease (HLB), commonly known as citrus greening disease, is a bacterial infection that impacts citrus trees across the United States. Citrus greening is caused by Candidatus...

The ability to structurally engineer viral nanoparticles makes them a useful platform for targeted drug delivery. The procapsid of bacteriophage lambda is one such structure. This hollow icosahedral...

Student Scholarship, Week of Scholarship, presented at Student Poster Session, April 6, 2017.

A swarm of the δ-proteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus is a distributed system; a population of superposable automata whose distribution is transparent so that it appears as one machine. These swarms...

In the United States only 40% of students who start a STEM major finish their degree (Olson & Riordan, 2012). One of the obstacles that students face is taking gateway classes such as chemistry...

Macrophages are able to polarize from a basal, naïve state to an M1 or M2 phenotype. M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages are characterized by recognizing and eliminating abnormal cells, while M2 anti...

The human microbiota is a thriving ecosystem that has remained a great mystery, as we have yet to develop a complete understanding of its complex nature and capabilities. Nonetheless, numerous studies...

Antibiotic resistance among Gram-positive bacteria is a serious global health threat. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are especially concerning since they are susceptible to few if any...

Hannibal Bank is a biodiversity hotspot off the Pacific coast of Panama. Using the AUV SeaBED, 12 photo-transects of the seafloor systematically captured over 21,712 images during a research cruise in...

Evolution, by means of natural selection, is a core concept central to understanding biology. A hurdle to effective natural selection instruction is the wide range of alternative conceptions held by...

The purpose of this study arose from a pilot-study problem observed of acceptance of microevolution among those who identified as holding a creationist worldview or as having misgivings about the...

The idea for this study came from the shortage of research that has been done to understand the evolution instruction provided by new secondary education teachers. A lack of training in teachers can...

Evolution by natural selection is foundational in biology, yet decades of science education research have shown that common alternative conceptions often persist after college biology instruction...

It has been well documented that the San Diego area has seen an increase in bacteria in its waterways. Due to its close negative correlation with human health, it is important to attempt to address...

Bony fish are the most primitive vertebrates to possess an adaptive immune system. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one example of these bony fish, which means they have an immune system similar to that...

This study focuses on the phylum Mollusca from Hannibal Bank in Panama. Through DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, the biodiversity and evolutionary history of mollusks were evaluated. The...

Evaluating predatory-prey relationships is critical for understanding the dynamics of ecosystems and implementing effective conservation efforts. I investigated whether Neotropical mammalian predators...

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Flaviviridae virus family and as of February 2016 has been declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Understanding the T cell...

Hannibal Bank is a seamount-like feature known for its high productivity and biodiversity that is located in an UNESCO World Heritage Site off the Pacific coast of Panama. The biodiversity and...

Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancers. This study establishes a protocol for the expression of a host-cell protein domain targeted by HPV. This...